高中阶段It常用句型解析及运用

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高中阶段It常用句型解析及运用

        一、It作形式主语
        1.It 代替不定式，常用于下列结构：
        It+ be+ adj./ n. +( for sb )to do sth;
        It+ be+ adj. +of sb to do sth
        It takes +sb+一段时间+ to do
        ①It is important for us to master a foreign language.对于我们来说，掌握一门外语是十分重要的。
        ②It is very kind of you to help me with my English.你帮我学英语，真是太好了。
        ③It will take about two days to drive to Shanghai.开车去上海大约要两天的时间。
        2.It代替动名词，常用于下列句型中：
        It is no use doing sth. 做……没有用。
        It is no good doing sth. 做……没好处
        It is fun doing sth.  做……有趣
        ①It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
        ②It’s no good eating some fast food.吃快餐是没有好处的。
        ③It’s great fun jumping into the swimming pool in summer.夏天跳进游泳池里游泳是件有趣的事。
        3.It代替that从句，常用于下列句型中：
        It be +adj./ n. +that从句
        It be +过去分词+ that 从句
        It seems / appears / happens / turns out that 从句
        It occurred to sb+ that从句
        ①I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s said that it’s quite a good one.
        我不知道这家饭馆，但听说相当不错。
        ②It is clear that he has made a mistake. 很明显他犯了一个错误。
        ③It turns out that we’ll have a happy, peaceful festival.结果是我们又将度过一个欢乐祥和的节日。
        ④It occurred to me that I had left the key at home.我突然想到我把钥匙落在家里了。
        二、It 作形式宾语
        1.当宾语是动词不定式、动名词、宾语从句，且其后有宾语补足语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，通常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语置于句末。常用it作形式宾语的动词有：believe相信，find发现，feel感觉，think认为，guess猜想，discover发现，notice注意到，make使……，让……等。
        ①I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.我认为要掌握一门外语而没有大量的记忆是不可能的。
        ②I feel it hard to persuade my father to give up his plan.我觉得说服父亲放弃计划很难。
        ③He makes it a rule to keep a diary every day.写日记成了他每天的习惯。
        ④Don’t take it for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. 不要认为那些在入学考试中考得高分的就是最成功的人。
        2.某些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句，此时须用it作虚设宾语，然后接宾语从句，此种用法常用于like，dislike，hate， appreciate, depend on等后。
        ①I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人说话时嘴里含着食物。
        ②I like it when you kiss me.我喜欢你吻我的时候。
        ③You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的货物都会及时用船运到国外去。
        ④I’d appreciate it if you would like to help me to solve the problem.
        如果你肯帮我解决那个问题。
        三、It 引起的几个易混时间句型
        1.It’s time…该做……
        本结构中，time之后可接动词不定式或that 从句，在从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，用“should+动词原形”（should不可省略）或用动词的过去式。
        ①It’s time for us to have breakfast.该吃早饭了。
        ②It’s time that I picked up my son from school.我该去接我的儿子了。       2. It/ That / This + was + the first (second…) time that sb had done sth.这是sb第几次做sth。
此结构中，主语除了用it之外，还可以用this， that等，其中序数词也可以修饰day，month，year等名词。That从句中一般使用完成时态。
        ①This is the first time that he has visited China.这是他第一次到中国旅行。
        ②It was the fourth time that they had defeated the Japanese team.这是他们第四次击败日本队。
        3. It was / took long( hours, days, years, etc )+before sb did sth. 过了多久……才……
        It will be/ take long( hours, days, years, etc) +befor sb do sth. 要过多久……才……
        以上结构表示某一动作从现在起到将来某时刻之前发生的这一段时间，也可以表示某一动作从过去某时刻起直到过去另一时刻发生的若干时间。
        ①It will be/ take two years before we meet again.我们两年之后再见面。
        ②It was / took a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨晚我很长时间才入睡。
        4.It is +years(days, weeks, months, etc) +since sb did sth.，本结构表示某一动作或状态的结束是以since从句来表现的。
        —What is the party like?聚会进行得怎样？
        —Wonderful. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.很好。我好几年没有玩得这么开心了。
        5.It is/ was +具体时间+when从句
        本结构是定语从句句型，具体时间是先行词，关系副词when引导定语从句。
        ①It’s 8 o’clock when I get home from work every day. 每天我下班回家时已经八点了。
        ②It was six o’clock in the morning when they got up and did morning exercises.他们起床早操是在早上六点钟。
        四、it 作强调词，构成强调结构
        强调句型的基本形式是：It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who +其余部分。这一句型通常强调主语、宾语、表语及状语，一般不强调谓语。
        1.注意谓语动词的人称和数的一致性。
        在强调句型中，当强调主语时，其后谓语动词应和被强调部分的人称和数保持一致。
        ①It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.是玛丽和汤姆一直在做好事。
        ②It is I who am going to Shenzhen next month.是我下个月要去深圳。
        2.在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that而不用when，where，why或how。
        ①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.大约600多年前，第一个带有钟面和时针的钟面世了。
        ②It was in Greece that Olymhttps://p.9136.com/28petitions first started.奥林匹克竞赛始于希腊。
        ③It was because her mother was ill that she was absent from the meeting yesterday. 昨天是因为她妈妈生病了，她才没有来开会。
        3.对not…until结构中until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，需用“It is/ was not until… that…”这一固定句型。That从句中谓语动词要用肯定式。
        ①It is not until he approves that we will start our project.直到他同意我们，才会开始我们的项目。
        ②It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年，正式的广播才开始出现。
        4.特殊疑问句只有疑问词可以被强调，其句型是：疑问词+is/ was +it+that从句。当这个强调句用作从句时，强调句式用陈述句语序。
        ①I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter who it is I’m talking to.我一直是个诚实和直爽的人，我在和谁说话并不重要。
        ②When was it that you began to learn French？你是从什么时候开始学法语的？
        ③I really didn’t know where it was that the old man lost his purse.
        我真不知道老人是在什么地方丢了钱包。
        五、强调句与主语从句及定语从句的辨析
        1.含有主语从句的句子译成汉语时，不可加上“正是”或“就是”之类的字眼，而强调结构可以；含有主语从句的句子若去掉“It be…who/ that…”，则原句结构和意义均不成立，而强调句去掉结构标志仍成立。试比较：
        It is important that you study hard at young age.年轻时努力学习非常重要。（主语从句）
        It was in the street that we happened to see her.在街上我们碰巧遇见了她。（强调结构）
        2.若that或who 可有可无（结合it be分析），则为强调结构，否则是定语从句。试比较：
        It was Tom who came from a small mountain village that won the first prize in the contest.正是汤姆，一个来自于小山村的男孩，获得了比赛的第一名。
        who在从句中作主语，不可省略，故本句为定语从句；后面的that连词同it was 可以去掉，整个句子为强调结构。

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