如何设计阅读过程中的三个活动
提高学生的阅读理解能力关键在于教师如何设计阅读过程的三个活动：阅读前活动(pre-reading activities)、阅读中活动(while-reading activities)和阅读后活动(post-reading activities)。现结合以下短文谈谈对阅读活动的具体设计。Lottery Winners
In 2000, Ken Partridge, a factory worker, won $1million in the Michigan lottery. Partridge had a party and left his job. Then he moved to California and started a business selling cars. Five years later, all the money was gone and the business was dead. Partridge returned to Michigan and went back to work in the factory.
His experience is common among lottery winners. Susan Black , a New York financial adviser, says,“Winning the lottery can be a disaster. In our culture, people believe that money solves problems. Often it causes more problems than it solves.”
There are three big dangers. First, there is the sudden fame. The winners appear in the newspaper with a check for millions of dollars, standing next to a beautiful girl. But they didn’t work for this fame, and usually they aren’t ready for it. This can cause emotional problems.
Secondly, all kinds of people start knocking on the door. For example, Evelyn Adams , who won the New Jersey lottery twice(in 1985and 1986), says,“Everyone wanted my money. I never learned one simple word in the English language------No!”She spent $ 5.4 million in just a few years, and learned that winning money often means losing friends.
Finally, lottery winners usually don’t know how to look after their money. For example, a recent study found that the first thing lottery winners do is buy a huge house and luxury furniture. Another thing they all do is buy experience cars for the family. Very few invest the money intelligently, so when the money is gone, the dream ends too!
一、读前活动(pre-reading activities)
Free talk
1. The aim is to get familiar with the students and introduce the topic of the passage.
2. Have a free talk with the students by saying:
Teacher: I’m very glad today; I will treat you to lunch. Why? Guess!
(The students give different answers)
Teacher: I’ll tell you. I’m a lottery winner now and I will have lots of money. But I don’t know how to spend it. Could you give me some good advice?
(The students give different advice.)
Teacher: Thank you for your good advice. I will invest my money intelligently. This lesson, we will meet another lottery winner. His name is Ken Partridge. He got $1 million. How would he spend the money? What would happen to him? Do you want to know?
Students: yes.
Teacher: ok. Let’s read the passage: lottery winners
教学设计评价：Pre-reading的目的是引起学生的注意，激发学生的兴趣和认识需要，以形成学习的期待，促进学生积极参与。Pre-reading要具有一致性，关联性，直观性，启发性和趣味性。师生通过谈及彩票获奖请客等内容导入阅读主题。
二、读中活动(while-reading activities)
Step1. Skimming for the main idea
Ask students to read the text quickly, then get the general idea, and after that, do the following exercises.(T or F )
1. Lottery winners know how to look after their money at last.
2. Ken Partridge moved to America to sell cars.
3. Winning the lottery doesn’t cause more problems than it solves.
4. Winning lottery is a very happy thing in the winner’s life.
5. There are three disadvantages when you win the lottery.
教学设计评价： 略读这种方法也称为浏览法或快速阅读法，其目的是培养学生的快速阅读技巧和获取文章整体信息的能力，以使学生理解课文的表层意思。它要求学生不按常规逐词逐句地读，而是一个意群一个意群地掠读，省略大量与所寻信息关系不重要的词、短语或句子。为了使学生尽快进入情境，阅读前教师要先提出问题让学生带着问题去读。 Step2. Careful reading for detailed information.