毕业论文提纲范文英文版本
毕业论文提纲范文的英文版本是怎样的呢?毕业论文提纲范文英文涉及哪些内容呢?希望小编为大家推荐的`毕业论文提纲的范文英文版本，有助于大家的论文的撰写。
毕业论文提纲范文英文版本篇一：
the thesis statement further focuses the subject because it must clearly state in sentence form, the writer’s central point: the main idea or opinion that the rest of the essay will support and discuss.
the thesis statement should be as specific as possible. by writing a specific thesis statement, you focus on your subject and give yourself and your reader a clearer idea of what will follow in the body of the essay.
writing the thesis statement
there are many ways to make vague thesis statement more specific. as a general rule, replace vague words with more exact words and replace vague ideas with more complete information. e.g.:
vague: my recent trip to beijing was really bad.
revised: my recent trip to beijing was disappointing because the whether upset my sightseeing plans.
planning and ordering the body
the thesis statement sets forth the main idea of the entire essay, but it is the body of the essay that must fully support and discuss that thesis statement.
planning the body
in composing the thesis statement, the writer has already given some thought to what the body will contain. now, he or she should make a plan that includes:two to four main ideas to support the thesis statement two to four topic sentences stating these ideas
a plan for each paragraph in the body
a logical order in which to present these paragraphs
planning the body
different writers create such plans in different ways. here are two approaches that many writers use. some writers brainstorm/jot down ideas and then final paragraph groups. others first write topic sentences and then plan paragraphs.
what kind of writer do you belong to?
jot down ideas and then final paragraphs
having written the thesis statement, some writers brainstorm—they jot down any ideas that develop the thesis statement, including main ideas, specific details, and examples, all jumbled together. only after creating a long list do they go back over it, drop any ideas that do not support the thesis statement, and than look for “paragraph groups.”
by brainstorming and then dropping ideas that do not relate, you will eventually produce a list…
now read over the list, looking for groups of ideas that might become paragraphs. some ideas might become topic sentences; others might be used to support a topic sentence.
write topic sentences and then plan paragraphs
sometimes a writer can compose topic sentences directly from the thesis statement without jotting first. this is especially true if the thesis statement itself shows how the body will be divided or organized. such a thesis statement matches the work of planning paragraphs easy because the writer has already broken down the subject into supporting ideas or parts, e.g.:
because the student canteen has many problems, the university should hire a new administrator to see that it is properly managed in the future.
question: how many main ideas does this statement contain?
this thesis statement contains two main ideas:
the first states the problems and the second offers a solution.
ordering the paragraphs within the essay
it is important that the paragraphs in your plan, and later in your essay, follow a logical order. the rule for writing is this: use your common sense and plan ahead. do not leave the order of your paragraphs to chance.
how many types of order can be used in thesis writing?
what are they?
ordering the paragraphs within the essay
the types of order often used in single paragraphs— time order, space order, and order of climax— can sometimes be used to arrange paragraphs within an essay. essays about subjects that can be broken into stages, with each step discussed in one paragraph, should be arranged according to time. space order is used occasionally in descriptive essays. a writer who wishes to save the most important or convincing paragraph for last would use order of climax. or he or she might wish to reverse this order and put the most important paragraph first.
very often, however, the writer simply arranges paragraphs in whatever order makes sense in that particular essay.
expanding the one-paragraph plan
an essay is like an expanded paragraph.for this reason, any plan for developing a paragraph can also be used to develop an entire essay. it is up to the careful writer to choose the pattern that is best suited to his or her purpose and to the kind of essay required.
linking paragraphs within the body
just as the sentence within a paragraph should flow smoothly, so the paragraphs within an essay should be clearly linked one to the next. as you write your essay, do not make illogical jumps from one paragraph to another. instead, guide your reader. link the first sentence of each new paragraph to the thesis statement or to the paragraph before.
here are four ways to link paragraphs:
linking paragraphs within the body
repeat key words or ideas from the thesis statement.
refer to words or ideas from preceding paragraph. link the first sentence of a new paragraph to the paragraph before, especially by referring to words or ideas near the end of that paragraph.
use transitional expressions
use transitional sentences
use all four methods of linking paragraphs as you write your essay.
checklist
narrow the topic to one that you can discuss fully and well in an essay.
write a clear statement.
brainstorm ideas to support your statement.
choose some main ideas to support the thesis statement.
write a topic sentence that expresses each idea.
decide on a logical order in which to present the paragraphs in the body.
plan the body of each paragraph, using paragraph development.
write the first draft of your essay, linking paragraphs clearly to each other.
check for unity, logic, and coherence; revise and rewrite as necessary.
proofread for errors in grammar, sentence, structure, spelling, and mechanics.
three types of common errors:
language/ideas/format
consideration: how many kinds of specific errors you are likely to make in your writing? how to avoid them?
毕业论文提纲范文英文版本篇二：
how should we revise the first or the second draft?
whether a beginner or a professional, every writer must revise, that is, go back over the first draft or the second draft of a thesis, rewriting unclear sentences, adding details or examples, crossing out unnecessary words or ideas, and perhaps rearranging parts. in other words, never hand in the first version of any paragraph or essay, but revise then rewrite, creating the best paper of which you are capable.
brainstorm reasons for revision
features of effective sentences
1.unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. a unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. e.g. :
faulty: du fu was one of the greatest poets.
revised: du fu was one of the greatest poets of the tang period.
2.coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts. e.g. :
faulty: a man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
revised: a man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.
3.conciseness: a sentence should contain no unnecessary words.
4.emphasis: when there is an important idea, it should be expressed with emphasis.
5.variety is essential to good writing. (short: long; simple: compound and complex; statement: question, command or exclamation; periodic: loose…)
6.consistency: all good writing is consistent. that is, each sentence and each paragraph in the final draft should move along smoothly, without confusing shifts in tense, number, person, or discourse. e.g. :
faulty: we stroll down bourbon street as the jazz bands began to play.
revised: we strolled down bourbon street as the jazz bands began to play.
revision
after you have taken a break, you can criticize and make changes on the first draft.
you might notice these problems:
the beginning of the paragraph isn’t very lively.
the wording in several sentences sounds too informal or even babyish.
the relationship between ideas could be clearer
more details could be added in a few spots or taken out in others.
there are a few spelling or punctuation errors.
suggestions
go back to revise your first draft one or more times. it may necessary to rewrite the paper after you’ve made changes on the original version, and then to make further changes on the rewritten version. at various stages in the revising process, read your paper aloud – and read the final version to someone else if possible.
the final draft
after you feel satisfied with your revisions, you can then make a clean copy of the final draft according to the format your instructor recommends. that, basically, is how the writing process works. first, you discover and begin to organize your ideas. next, you write a first draft. and finally, you revise it as many times as necessary to make it clear, lively, logical, and legible.
summary
in the writing process, you should consider your subject, your audience, and your purpose;discover your ideas by putting them into words;decide what to include and how to organize it;write a first draft (and don’t worry about making it perfect);take a break, then criticize and revise the first draft (making changes on the original if you wish);read your paper aloud, preferably to another person;
proofread the final draft for spelling errors, repeated words, or words left out.
polishing
recopy your final draft, and then proofread it for words left out, words repeated, spelling errors, and punctuation errors.
homework
read the special topics in accordance with your interest.
chapter 9 the format of thesis
how many kinds of formats do you know in thesis writing?
generally speaking, 3 kinds. they are:
chicago manual -- the chicago manual of style
mla -- the modern language association style
apa -- publication manual of the american psychological association
1.the format of quotation
1) direct quotation:
use quotation marks to tell your readers that you are borrowing someone else’s exact words. short works (less than 40 words) or no more than two lines of a poem, which may be quoted within the paragraph.
2) indirect quotation:
for a long section, change for another paragraph and remember to condense the space (5 spaces). directly after this indirect quotation, it should be followed with author, year and page. ( harris 1995: 45-47)
2.the format of references
surname, given name. year. title. place: press.
e.g.
arnold, j. 1999. affect in language learning. cambridge: cambridge university press
bolinger, d. l. 1957. interrogative structures of american english. alabama: the university of alabama press.
xiang maoying. xx. cultural barriers to the application of communicative approach. teaching english in china 24/2: 29-31.
zhang zhendong. 1997. psychology of primary school students. hangzhou: zhejiang education press.
(中国英语教学,xx:1/27)
3.the structure and format of a thesis
front cover
p2: contents (english)
p3: abstracts and key words (both english and chinese. abstract: less than 250 words; key words: 3-5 words)
text (6000- 7000 words, 4-5 spaces in the first sentence of each paragraph)
references
p.s.
leave one line space between two parts.
the final version: no “第 稿”.
text: small 4 size.
references: [ 1 ] author. title. press. time
4.opening report
title of the thesis.
the purpose of the study of the subject.
researching situations both at home and abroad.
the cause and meaning of researching the subject.
main viewpoints, contents, important point and difficult points of the subject.
the writing structure of the subject, including:introduction /statement/conclusion/references
researching basis.
researching methods.
writing stages:1st draft: time; 2nd draft: time; 3rd draft: time
the final version (thesis defense: time)
remember: read through the thesis writing course book carefully.
choose a subject, collect enough materials and prepare well enough for writing the thesis for graduation
毕业论文提纲范文英文版本篇三：
why should we write the thesis?
to write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
by writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
it is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
how long should we prepare for writing a thesis?one year or so
what do we need when we write a thesis?
firstly, for english major, most important of all, it is english knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
secondly, the way of writing is also important.
a good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
the language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
wording: we prefer big word to small one;
sentence: long sentences are quite expectable.
how do we write a thesis? how many steps should we follow?
generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. for english major, we may apply:
2. choose a title/title a paper;
3. collect materials for reference in writing;
4. analyze the collected materials;
5. sort out the data and arguments;
6. list references;
7. make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. proofread;
10. the last version.
what subjects may we choose to write?
english and american literature
the practice and theory of translation
english language
english linguistics
english grammar
english phonetics
english lexicology
english rhetoric
language and culture
elt methodology
teaching english in middle school
english teaching research and survey
the history of… (all mentioned above)
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